Spina Bifida
Spina bifida is an opening along the top of the spinal canal; the tube through the vertebrae (bones forming the spine); which houses the spinal cord (nerve tissue). In the developing fetus (unborn animal) the spinal canal starts as a channel which gradually deepens and eventually closes over to form a tube. Spina bifida is a result of some part of the canal failing to completely close. It is mostly seen along the lower part of the spine. The condition is well recognized as an autosomal recessive genetic trait in the Manx cat and may be associated with failure of the terminal spinal cord to develop. Spina bifida is linked to the gene for absence of a tail.

Signs are related to loss of function or feeling in the areas supplied by the nerves in the affected part of the spine. These include urinary and fecal incontinence (leakage) and loss of feeling or weakness of the hind legs. Occasionally there will be a palpable hole in the spine (meningocoele) and possibly a moist site on the skin overlying this region if the fluid in the spine is leaking out directly onto the skin.

Radiology can be used to assess the degree of malformation of the vertebrae. In addition a specialized technique called a myelogram can be performed to assess for any sites where pressure is being placed on the spinal cord. This technique involves injecting a dye which shows up on x-ray into the spinal canal and tracing its path using the x-ray machine.

Surgery is possible but the results are generally unsuccessful. The degree to which the spinal cord is being compressed and the length of time the condition has existed are important in determining the prognosis (likely outcome). The presence of a meningocoele poses a further complication, as this defect must also be surgical removed. There is no effective medical treatment available.