The incubation period (time from infection to signs) is 14 -18 days although the dog may have a slight fever between days 4-7. Initial symptoms are fever, conjunctivitis (inflamed eyes), and rhinitis (inflamed nose) often with a creamy coloured discharge. These may be accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, skin rashes, and severe depression. The virus can also effect the brain producing a range of neurological (nerve related) signs including, twitching, staggering and incoordination, seizures, stiffness, and loss of vision. Thickening of the footpads (hyperkeratosis) is another sign very distinct to distemper. A further group of neurological symptoms can also show up weeks to months after recovery especially twitching and rigidity of muscles (myoclonus).

A number of tests are available for detection of distemper however none are considered completely diagnostic.

Treatment is mainly supportive and includes antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infection. Where neurological signs are present the outlook (prognosis) is poor.

Vaccines for the prevention of distemper are given in combination with other routine vaccines at between 6 and 16 weeks of age. The particular vaccination program used will depend on type of vaccine being used and the local risk factors.